![]() Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study is to evaluate the immediate effect of a four-week virtual magic camp via Zoom videoconferencing on enhancing self-esteem in children and adolescents with ADHD. 17,18 As a result, it is unclear whether learning magic tricks would enhance self-esteem specifically in children and adolescents with ADHD. 17,18 However, for studies including students with a diverse range of developmental disabilities, data analysis was performed on all students who participated in the magic tricks program, without separating them into specific condition/diagnosis. ![]() Magic trick programs have also been reported to enhance the self-esteem of children with severe emotional disturbances, 16 and student cohorts with a diverse range of developmental disabilities such as communication difficulties, learning difficulties, (emotional) behavioral disorders, autism, and ADHD. 12–14 In addition to having fun, social interaction, and support from campers with similar disabilities, children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy who participated in magic camp/club experienced enhanced self-esteem and confidence. ![]() 10,11 Teaching magic tricks to children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy through in-person camp/club has been described. One therapeutic tool in arts that have demonstrated improvements in the psychological well-being of children with disabilities is magic. However, a paucity of evaluation studies of such intervention is reported. 8 There is growing evidence for using arts as an intervention medium to address psychological well-being issues among children and adolescents with ADHD in non-clinical settings. Psychosocial interventions have been recommended to help children and adolescents with ADHD cope with difficulties and failures in school and everyday life and increase self-esteem. ![]() 4 Research on ADHD identified deficits in self-esteem that could lead to maladaptive coping strategies such as deviant peer choices and substance abuse, 5 disruptive behaviors such as bullying and peer victimization, 6 and comorbid mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression. 2,3 Considering the frequent academic challenges and failures, and adverse social feedback that children with ADHD encounter during their development, it is plausible that these experiences may contribute to their low self-esteem. 1 In addition to inattention and/or hyperactivity, children and adolescents with ADHD have been reported to have psychological well-being difficulties such as low self-esteem. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common child and adolescent neurodevelopmental disorder, is characterized by deficits in attention skills, staying on task, or being organized, affecting academic performance in school and daily activities. ![]()
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